Myanmar parliament passes anti-online scam bill, allows death penalty

Source: AFP

Myanmar's military-backed parliament approved a law on Tuesday (July 28, 2026) that authorises capital punishment for those who detain or violently coerce victims into working in online scam centres, the speaker said.

Key Provisions of the Anti-Online Scam Bill

The "Anti-Online Scam Bill" was passed after MPs approved changes to a draft bill at a combined meeting of the lower and upper houses Tuesday morning in the capital Naypyidaw, Union Parliament Speaker Aung Lin Dwe said during a live television broadcast.

Lower house MP Aye Chan confirmed to AFP that the death sentence remained in the approved version of the law.

"There were not many significant changes to the proposed draft bill after discussions between the lower house and upper house. The important parts of the bill remained the same," Aye Chan said.

Penalties under the law include:

• 10 years to life in prison, as well as capital punishment, for "violence, torture, unlawful arrest and detention, or cruel treatment against another person for the purpose of forcing them to commit online scams"
• The death penalty if committing such an offence caused death
• Life in prison for those who "run an online scam centre"
• Life in prison for those who "commit digital currency scams (crypto scams)"

Context: Southeast Asia's Scam Economy

Internet fraud factories have flourished in war-torn Myanmar, part of Southeast Asia's thriving scam economy, targeting web users worldwide with romance and cryptocurrency investment cons.

The multibillion-dollar black market attracts many willing employees, but repatriated foreigners have also reported being trafficked to sites in Myanmar and tortured by scam centre operators.

Political Background

The anti-scam law is the first legislation passed by Myanmar's new government, headed by former junta chief Min Aung Hlaing.

• He led a 2021 coup in which the military ousted the elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi, triggering the country's ongoing civil war.
• In April 2026, Min Aung Hlaing assumed the role of civilian president after heavily restricted elections that did not include the detained Nobel laureate, Suu Kyi, or her party.
• Many analysts describe the military-backed parliament as a rubber-stamp legislature, with pro-military MPs sweeping the vote, which was widely criticised by Western nations and democracy watchdogs as a sham meant to launder the junta's image.

The civil war has seeded instability across Myanmar, creating fertile ground for organised crime groups running transnational scam operations to set up shop in fortified compounds, according to monitors.