Syria’s Post-Assad Trials: Accountability Dilemmas and Justice Pathways

Following the fall of the Assad regime in December 2024, Syria has commenced its first domestic prosecutions of former regime officials, sparking both celebration and concern. The trial of Atef Najib, a former security chief in Daraa, marks a significant step toward accountability. However, legal experts and civil society organizations warn that the current judicial framework lacks necessary reforms to ensure fair due process. Key issues include the absence of domestic laws defining international crimes like genocide and war crimes, and risks associated with coerced confessions, such as that of Amjad Youssef regarding the Tadamon massacre. Furthermore, there are growing fears that justice may be selective, targeting only Assad loyalists while ignoring abuses by rebel groups. The recent release of Essam al-Buwaydhani, a former rebel commander linked to the disappearance of human rights activists, highlights these inconsistencies. This analysis explores the complexities of establishing credible, inclusive justice in Syria, emphasizing the need for legal reforms that align with human rights principles to meet the needs of victims and ensure long-term stability.