American Public Schools Lost 1.4 Million Students Since COVID, But Budgets Grew 34%

Since 2019, U.S. public school enrollment has dropped by 1.4 million students (2.84%), yet spending increased by 34% to an average of $17,644 per student, according to NCES data. Much of the increase came from $190 billion in federal ESSER funds. Despite higher spending, student achievement has declined, with only 60% of fourth graders and 67% of eighth graders reading at or above basic levels. Many states use 'hold harmless' budget provisions that protect school funding regardless of enrollment, leading to imbalances. As ESSER funds run out, 54% of district leaders fear budget shortfalls. Meanwhile, charter school enrollment has risen 15%, and independent schools have also seen growth, indicating a shift in parental choice away from traditional public schools.